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Theism , Louvain 1961, pp103-125.
7 Ibid, p.104.
8 In their notes the editors seek an explanation of the presence of Anselm s argument in
Newman s list,  perhaps he was not aware of the fundamental difficulty raised against this
argument as totally remaining in the logical order or as implying an illegitimate transit from
that order to reality (ibid, p.133). Or perhaps they have not correctly understood Anselm. In
any case they are concerned to distance Newman from the suggestion that he accepted the
Anselmian argument.
9 Ibid, p.57. See also the comment on p.68:  We have to attribute the greatest power of
argumentative force in any argument to the elements of our intellectual and moral nature,
which cannot be expressed ip words, but are nevertheless always implicitly, i.e. not reflexively
present in all argumentation.
10 J.H. Newman, An Essay in aid of a Grammar of Assent, 5th edition, 1881, p.94.
11 Ibid, p.93.
12 Ibid p.96.
13 ST la, 3, 4 ad 2:  The verb  to be is used in two ways: (1) to signify the act of existing and
(2) to signify the mental uniting of predicate to subject which constitutes a proposition. Now
we cannot know the existence of God (Dei esse) in the first sense any more than we can clearly
know his essence. But in the second sense we can, for when we say 'God is' (Deum esse), we
frame a proposition about God which we clearly know to be true".
14 Grammar of Assent, p.95.
15 Proslogion,3.
16 See, for example, Richard Law,  The Proslogion and St. Anselm s Audience in
G.C.Berthold (ed.), Faith Seeking Understanding, Manchester (New Hampshire) 1991, p.224.
17 See on this point, G.R. Evans, The Language and Logic of the Bible: The Earlier Middle
Ages, Cambridge 1984, pp. 17-26.
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18 See Monologion, 48.
19 Something Newman himself was alive to, see  Proof of Theism , p.7, in Boekraad and
Tristram, p.l09.
20 Monologion, 10:  where they cannot be, no other word is useful for manifesting the object .
They are  the proper and principal words for objects. See also, G.R. Evans, Anselm and
Talking about God, Oxford 1978, passim, esp. p.75: naturalia verba are  crucial to Anselm's
own thinking about the language in which we can talk of God .
21 ST la, 2, 1 sed contra.
22 ScG, 1, 5.
23 This point has been made previously by Leslie Armour, who went on to draw out a
suggestive case for the proximity of Anselm's argument and Newman s argument from
conscience in the  Proof of Theism . See L. Armour,  Newman, Anselm and the Proof of the
Existence of God in International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 19 (1986) 87-93, p.87.
24 See Grammar of Assent, p.284:  As to Logic, its chain of conclusions hangs loose at both
ends; both the point from which the proof should start and the points at which it should arrive,
are beyond its reach; it comes short both of first principles and of concrete issues.
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